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What you Should Know to Market Herbs and Herbal Byproducts

9/28/2017

0 Comments

 
Growing herbs is educational and a fun experience.  Once you've grown your own herbs for awhile, you may start thinking about how to market them and actually make a profit.  There are a variety of things you should know before you take a giant leap of faith.  I've outlined some things below that will require some homework on your part to research for further information.   I have also included links at the bottom of the page for further information to help grow herbs whether for sale or your own enjoyment.

Local Restrictions:

Check your local restrictions about marketing pre-made consumable products, before you start the venture so you know what you are allowed and not allowed to produce or sell to clients. Some areas are very strict, while some are extremely lenient, so you have to check your own state, city, county regulations to determine what you can or cannot do. A friend in the next state over may have no restrictions, while you may be prohibited, so check it out and never assume what goes in one state or county is acceptable or allowed in your own. And if you travel to sell your products, you must know the individual regulations for states, counties and city ordinances.

​Advertising:

​Craig's list is one way to advertise free, to reach a large audience within your region or state. There are many categories to choose from. If you have a Farmer's Salve or herbal blend, you may want to advertise under farms and livestock. If you'll be attending a local farm market you can let people know where to find you at that market, along with times and dates. Monitor the ads, and keep them up to date. Ads get old and stale so people quit looking at them unless you change them now and again with new and interesting photos and a little different text to attract and maintain interest. You may or may not want to include a phone number, email or refer them to your website or social media page for contact information. Just be wise, there are many scams through Craig's List, so don't fall victim to those that are less than honest.

​Online Store:

Another niche may be an online store to sell your dried herbal products. To compete, you need to be unique. Theme based marketing tends to work well, so if you name your business something like mine, *Urban Spice*, (actually a play on words; herb and spice) then create a theme around that business name. *Sage and Roses* and *Craft Cottage* is yet another name used by a relative for their business. Sticking with a theme related to the name of the business, helps people remember who you are and products you offer. There are commission based online stores to look into such as Etsy and Ebay.

Social Media and Website:

​Having a way to advertise will help keep your business in the minds of prospective clients. Having a Facebook or other media page and a user friendly website, will make it easier to market your goods either at farm markets or online and will help you establish a customer base without costs involved. There are a variety of free website options, so research until you find one that suits your needs and offers themes that are suitable for your unique business profile. Take good, quality photos of your creations, whether that is a container planting or a unique herbal preparation. Make up a portfolio that you can display at markets, especially if you can't manage to bring all your products with you or display all the products at once. Use those photos for your social media page and your website. Note, you can never have too many photos, the internet is visually driven, so no matter how much text you may write, it's the photos that make the most impact and make you memorable. If you keep a social media page and a website, make sure you proof read before posting. And make sure your text is understandable. Check your Auto-Correct feature, that is notoriously putting words in your mouth and they may not be words you intended to use at all.

Business Cards:

​Business cards can be something you've printed out, or there are online sources for inexpensive business cards that can be customized to meet your needs.  Provide them with your products and have some available to hand out to friends, family and associates at the markets.  Place some in a basket on the table display, so that even if someone doesn't make a purchase, they will have a way to contact you in the future.  Though it is not essential to have business cards, it is an inexpensive way to advertise and a way for people to remember you.  Some community boards at grocery stores, gas stations and restaurants allow you to place business cards and fliers, as another means of free advertising.   If you do post business cards or fliers, remember where you posted them and check on them every few weeks and replenish as needed.  If any look tattered replace them with fresh new ones.  If the board you are posting on is exposed to the weather, replace them more often.  Faded, curled ads will not get attention.  Consider purchasing some inexpensive, clear shelf liner and cover the fliers or cards to protect them from the rain.  Just stick it on both sides, and trim, for an inexpensive laminate.  You can provide a business name, product line, and phone number, but unless you wish to invite people to your home, leave off the address, so people are not arriving at unexpected hours.  If you routinely participate in a local market, you might wish to use that location on the fliers or business cards to direct people to your space or booth. if it is always in the same place. 

Keep Records:

​Growing the plants is more fun than record keeping to be sure, but if you intend to grow a business, then record keeping is an essential part of that business.  Even if you don't show a profit, you do need to keep record of expenses, such as for supplies you purchase and booth or space fees for the markets you participate in.  Having records helps not just at tax time, but it gives you a gauge to go by to help control expenses,  and a month by month visual so you can base your goals on what it is costing you.  It will always cost more to get started, but you can keep expenses to a minimum if you actually know what you're spending in the first place.  So keep the receipts and record expenses you may incur where a physical receipt may not be obtained.   You can do this on a paper ledger or use a computer program for keeping track.  Customize your ledger to suit your needs.  

Business Plan:


In line with record keeping, you should write down a business plan.  This doesn't have to be elaborate, but it helps keep you focused on your intentions.  Without a business plan, it's easy to go in all different directions that may make things more hectic in the long run and you'll lose sight of what your really wanted to do in the first place.  As your business grows you may want to write a new business plan that allows for expansion, and more flexibility.  

​Disclaimer and Precautions:

You may need to label your goods as not tested or approved by the FDA and a disclaimer to use at your own risk, to prevent legal disputes for your own protection. Herbs are safe for most people in moderation, but may be unsafe for those with compromised immune systems, children or pregnant females, so it's very important to include your disclaimer if you do have an online store or attempting to sell through any/all media sources and local markets.

Word of Advise:

If you have a website, I have one word of advice, avoid pop up advertising, and keep any advertising to the sidebar of the page. It is annoying to me and many others when trying to read a post and an advertisement divides the text or pops up in the middle of what you're reading. Any advertising should not bog down the page when it's loading. So if there is any really sound advice I can give about creating a website this would be it. Many people will avoid any website that has click for pay advertising within the body of the text and you could lose potential clients because of that. I know you will lose my interest and I'm far from the exception. I also object to being redirected when I go to a website for a recipe or project, I expect that to be on the page I accessed, not a few words, then redirected elsewhere to view. It's okay to direct to related topics, but it's not okay to re-direct for the project that you are leading people to view. It's a quick way to lose potential clients when click baiting is used. Outside advertising helps cover time and expenses and that's an acceptable addition when it is tastefully done, but keep it minimal, and keep it in the side bar so it is not interfering with the subject matter that led others to your website in the first place.

A final note:

​If you have not tried to sell anything in the past, it's wise to read a few marketing books related to your topic.   As mentioned above do your research and know your product.  The more you know about what you intend to sell, the more confidence your clients will have in you, your business and in your product.  

When setting up your booth, or table display look around at others that are eye-appealing and model your display to be equally eye appealing.  Prevent clutter or as much clutter as possible, so people can actually view what you have available.  Offer samples if you have a salve, lotion or product you think is especially nice.  Label everything clearly, and decorate tastefully.  If you use a table cloth, make sure it hangs down to hide any materials you wish to be hidden, such as bags, boxes, etc.   Make sure the tablecloth enhances the product, not take away from it.  A bold tablecloth with large flowers, may make it difficult to even see what you are offering.  Plain color that coordinates or contrasts with your product is a better option.  

​There's a lot to think about and a lot of research to do, but most of all this should be enjoyable to you.  If you find that your efforts are too time consuming or tedious and laden with drudgery, then do some soul searching to see if this is really what you want to do.  It's easy to get burned out if you are not enjoying the effort.  

Additional related topics:

Refer to the link for creative ways to market your herbs:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/how-to-market-herbs

Refer to the link for recycling and upcycling objects for containers:

justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/7-upcycle-reuse-gardenplanter-ideas

​Refer to the link to make your own Hypertufa containers:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/hypertufa-containers

Refer to the link to make your own potting soil:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/diy-organic-potting-soil

Refer to the link to propagate herbs: justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/propagating-herbs

Refer to the link for making your own rooting hormone:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/willownatural-propagating-hormone

​Refer to the link for Natural Garden Pest Control:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/natural-garden-pest-control

Refer to the link to make your own Green Manure fertilizer:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/easy-green-manure-tea

Chicken Coop Chatter© All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

CREDENTIALS: Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1998. Horticulture degree 2001. Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and continued study of all plants and herbs. Gardening a lifetime.

​

0 Comments

How to Market Herbs

9/28/2017

0 Comments

 
If you grow herbs for your own cooking, crafts, cosmetics, medicinal concoctions or enjoyment, and looking for a supplemental income, then you're within reach of making that happen.  There are several options for selling herbs as potted plants, as herbal blends for culinary use, cosmetic use and for beauty products, or you can make those products yourself using your own creative blends. 

Most herbs are easily grown from seed, root division or cuttings, throughout the year and throughout the growing season,  so they do not have to be expensive to produce.  You can sell individual herbs or consider combinations such as kitchen herbs, fragrance,  cosmetic or medicinal combinations and  many work well for fairy gardens.   Several varieties of the same herb family make a great display, especially if they have different colored or textured leaves.  Holy Basil, Thai Basil, Purple Ruffle Basil, Sweet Basil, Lemon Basil are all possibilities, especially for a Pesto themed garden.  Sage, Oregano, Thyme, Parsley, Chives, Basil and Rosemary work well for a Pizza themed garden and the arrangement offers a variety of textures and colors, or any herbs you would typically find in an Italian seasoning and for a bonus, plant some garlic cloves, that will sprout and grow midst the herbs.  Peppermint, Spearmint, Pineapple mint, Variegated mint,  are all good options for a Mint Julep Garden. 

Haunt your local thrift store for inexpensive and unique containers.  You'll need to make drainage holes if there are none but old watering cans, colanders, metal tins, mugs, teacups, bowls, woks, bail handled pans, kettles and small buckets, old suitcases, tackle boxes, tool boxes, all make great containers and something attractive to display the herbs in.   Around Halloween, the plastic pumpkins and witches kettles work great for herbal displays, especially for medicinal herbs or cosmetic herbs; think pumpkin spice theme if selling during the Autumn season.  At Easter time, there's a huge array of baskets and spring containers available, but those are easily found in a second hand store after each holiday or occasion for a small fee.  Baskets work great for Cosmetic and herbs typically grown for fragrance.    

You can make your own containers with wooden slats, chicken wire, bark, and even PVC pipe or make hypertufa, or use concrete blocks and bricks (the type with holes in them.  So upcycling and recycling of materials you may already have laying around are great options.  You can re-use old containers you have, but be sure to wash and sterilize to prevent plant or soil borne diseases from spreading to the new plantings.  You can spruce up the containers with paint, burlap, rope or jute. 

For Fairy Gardens, you can find small objects, rocks  and pebbles at the dollar stores and thrift stores.  Rosemary makes great trees and shrubbery, as it's easily trimmed and looks similar to a conifer, creeping thyme works well for ground cover,  Chamomile with it's small daisy like flowers or low growing Sweet Violets, adds a floral element.    Of course these will all outgrow the container if they are not maintained to keep them small.   Twigs and bark work well for fences, arbors and walkways.  The gardens are only limited by your imagination.  You might even add a small set of sheers or a tag with instructions for maintenance. 

The more creative your herbal plantings are, the higher the price and attraction there will be for your marketing efforts.  Don't overlook variegated or gray plants, they add a lot of interest to containers.   Be sure to label the containers with the varieties, and if there is any special maintenance required.  Plastic forks come in a variety of colors, and work well as place tags, for the labels to slip into.  Your labels should be of heavy card stock, so they hold up to packing and unpacking the herb containers at market, whether that is  a local farmer's market or an organized plant show.

What you need:

Decorative Container (upcycled-reusable)
Screen or Mesh Wire or Landscape fabric
Herbs (Variety)
Moss (optional)
Potting Soil*
Small Garden tools

Directions:

Prepare your container with drainage holes if there are none.  Line the bottom of the container with screen, mesh wire or landscape cloth to prevent the soil from leaching out of the drainage holes.  Add soil to about half way of the top of the container.   Scoop out a cavity in the soil to accommodate the roots of the plant.  Add water and your chosen fertilizer to the hole, allow to drain.   Spread the roots some and if they are in a tight ball, loosen the roots, so they do not girdle and are allowed to spread.  Place the plant in the cavity, then add soil around the root zone, and tamp it down firmly.  Add your middle growth plants around that central taller plant.  Then add the lower growth plants and finally the trailing plants, using the same method of scooping out the cavity, adding water and fertilizer, spreading the roots, and adding soil and tamping down.  As your working with the plants, stand back a bit so you can actually see how the arrangement is developing.  Try to vary color, with the boldest colors in the center and outer edges, or if the colors are similar, then try to layer them, from darkest to lightest.  Grey leaved plants such as Lavender blend well with greens and other flowering plants and textures.  Adding a top layer of moss will help to maintain moisture in the soil and will cover the soil to make the arrangement more aesthetically pleasing.

Watering:

When all the plants are in place to your liking, water thoroughly.  I prefer to set the containers in a tub of water, so they can soak completely through, but they can be watered from the soil line, just make sure they are watered thoroughly.  Herbs do not require a lot of water once they are established, but they need ample water when transplanted into containers to prevent loss of moisture through the leaves and roots.    Water only when they appear dry or you place a finger into the soil to about an inch depth and it feels dry or only slightly damp.  Never over water or water when the soil is soggy or you will risk root rot.  My deep watering method works well and assures that the plants are actually getting water into the root zone, rather just on top of the soil.    If you're attempting to grow the plants indoors, you will need to provide humidity, either by a spray bottle to the leaves or set the container in pan, with  a bed of stones and add water.

Pest Control:

Herbs are not often bothered by insects, however if you notice soil flies or spider mites, use a sprayer with water diluted dish soap to dowse the plants around the stems, and soil line to discourage the pests.

Weather Protection:

Keep your herbal arrangements sheltered from wind, harsh weather, parching sun or heavy rains.  To winter over, place in a garden shed, garage, cold frame, hoop house or greenhouse.  Make sure they are well watered, when they are placed in shelter, then allow them to dry out some, with just minimal watering through the winter season.  Cover with plastic sheeting, shade cloth  or cardboard boxes to protect from deep freezing.  If you know that there will be an extended period of deep freezes where the temperatures do not get above freezing day or night, then water the plants thoroughly to prevent freezing at the root zone.  When weather is consistently above 40-50 degrees F., allow the plants more sun to encourage new growth.   Note, some herbs can only be grown as annuals in the coldest regions, start seeds indoors or in a cold frame in late winter and transplant when the weather is mild and consistently 50-55 degrees F.  You can attempt to grow indoors, if you have a sunny window or grow lights.

Maintenance: 

Keep the herbs trimmed.  Never trim more than one-third or it will be difficult for the plants to recover before they are ready for the next sale.  Keep the flowers pinch off from basil, oregano and thyme.  You want to maintain flowers for Chamomile, Calendula,  Lavender, Nasturtium, Violas and other known flowering herbs, so simply remove spent flowers from those, to encourage new buds and blooms.  

Knowledge:

​Research the herbs you grow or intend to grow.  The more you know about those herbs the better, trust me, you will be asked about the plants you offer, so the more knowledge you have the more informed you will be and can be of value to your customers.  Talk about the plants you grow, to reinforce your knowledge of them, and if you do NOT know or able to answer a clients questions about those plants, find out.  Carry a laptop or notebook with you so you will have the information at your fingertips.  Don't just say you do not know, you will lose credibility it you avoid answering the questions.  Having a portfolio with quality photos and information about each of the herbs represented will allow customers to peruse the information while you're helping others make selections.  There's no way we can know every single thing about all herbs, but you should be well versed on the ones you are growing and offering for sale.  The more knowledge you have the more confidence people will have in purchasing your product.  The definition of an expert, is knowing where to quickly locate information.  It does not mean someone knows everything off the top of their head, and I've noticed the term *expert* loosely used for people that sadly only know where to locate information, rather than have the knowledge.  So have the knowledge AND the ability to locate accurate information.  

Note:  The rule of thumb when planting all containers is to plant your tallest plants to the center and back of the container.  Then gradually built the arrangement of plants from medium to low and then trailing at the edges.   You will need to do a little research into the herbs you intend to use, so you know which grow the tallest, which spread the most and which will stay low without having to prune too often.   Another rule is to plant in 3's, 5's or 7's.  You can add a single variety, then surround it with the ratio of 3's, to balance the arrangement.  This is the same rule as assembling a floral arrangement.

Tip:  There are many free sources online for labels of all kinds that you can print out, or create your own with blank templates.  You can purchase card stock or poster board in many colors at your local stationary store or craft outlet.  Make sure any labels you use are copyright free or prepare to pay for a license of usage.  If you are making herbal blends or herbal preparations for re-sale that are not of your own mixture but rather one you're using from a  copyrighted website, you MUST obtain permission from the site owner and be prepared to pay a license fee for usage.  It's best to create your very own blends.   We all work hard to have original material and you can lose your hard earned reputation if you are simply taking original material from others and reproducing it.  Word travels fast through social media these days and you could lose all privileges if you do not respect copyright laws that cover products, text and photos. 
 
Tip:  If some of your herbal container arrangements do not sell, be sure to keep them watered and trimmed, so they are ready for the next market.  Pinch off flowers from basil, oregano and thyme, so they do not go to seed.  If these plants flower its a signal that they are done producing, and you do not want that to happen, so keep those deadheaded (pinch or cut off the flowers).  In addition if any plants look tattered, trim them, remove any shriveled or damaged leaves, or replace those plants, so the arrangement looks fresh and ready for market.   The bonus is that you can use the clippings for your own culinary, medicinal or cosmetic herbs, between market days. 

Tip:  If you use herbs for culinary, teas, crafts or cosmetics, you can package the trimmings in herbal blends to sell as a byproduct of the herb growing efforts.  Small spice jars, mason jars or recycled jars all make great containers for herbal blends, and the dollar store is a good resource for small decorative containers that work well for cosmetic or fragrant blends.  You can paint lids, add raffia, ribbons, burlap or lace to jars or tins to make them aesthetically pleasing.   Infused Herbs, Herbal Salts,  Herbal spice blends, Tea/Tisane Blends are all possibilities as a byproduct of herb growing and marketing.  

​Local Restrictions:

NOTE:  Check your local restrictions about marketing pre-made consumable products, before you start the venture so you know what you are allowed and not allowed to produce or sell to clients.  Some areas are very strict, while some are extremely lenient, so you have to check your own state, city, county regulations to determine what you can or cannot do.   A friend in the next state over may have no restrictions, while you may be prohibited, so check it out and never assume what goes in one state or county is acceptable or allowed in your own.   And if you travel to sell your products, you must know the individual regulations for states, counties and city ordinances that apply to your products.  You may even need a license or certificate to sell your products that is either state, city or county issue.  

​Advertising:

​Craig's list is one way to advertise free, to reach a large audience within your region or state.  There are many categories to choose from.  If you have a Farmer's Salve or herbal blend, you may want to advertise under farms and livestock.  If you'll be attending a local farm market you can let people know where to find you at that market, along with times and dates.  Monitor the ads, and keep them up to date.  Ads get old and stale so people quit looking at them unless you change them now and again with new and interesting photos and a little different text to attract and maintain interest.  You may or may not want to include a phone number, email or refer them to your website or social media page for contact information.  Just be wise, there are many scams through Craig's List, so don't fall victim to those that are less than honest.

​Online Store:

Another niche may be an online store to sell your dried herbal products.  To compete, you need to be unique.  Theme based marketing tends to work well, so if you name your business something like mine, *Urban Spice*, (actually a play on words; herb and spice) then create a theme around that business name.  *Sage and Roses* and *Craft Cottage*  is yet another name used by a relative for their business.  Sticking with a theme related to the name of the business, helps people remember who you are and products you offer.  There are commission based online stores to look into such as Etsy.  


Social Media and Website:

​Having a way to advertise will help keep your business in the minds of prospective clients. Having a Facebook or other media page and a user friendly website, will make it easier to market your goods either at farm markets or online and will help you establish a customer base without costs involved.  There are a variety of free website options, so research until you find one that suits your needs and offers themes that are suitable for your unique business profile. Note that I said free, however most also offer a premium service that does cost, but the free version should get you by for awhile until your customer base grows or until your product base increases.   Take good, quality photos of your creations, whether that is a container planting or a unique herbal preparation.  Make up a portfolio or slide show,  that you can display at markets, especially if you can't manage to bring all your products with you or display all the products at once.  Use those photos for your social media page and your website.  Note, you can never have too many photos, the internet is visually driven, so no matter how much text you may write, it's the photos that make the most impact and make you memorable.   While on the topic of photos, make sure you copyright those photos, or they are considered free domain and will be used by others without credit to you.  If you keep a social media page and a website, make sure you proof read before posting.  And make sure your text is understandable.  Check your Auto-Correct feature, that is notoriously putting words in your mouth and they may not be words you intended to use at all.  


​Disclaimer and Precautions:

You may need to label your goods as not tested or approved by the FDA and a disclaimer to use at your own risk, to prevent legal disputes for your own protection.   Herbs are safe for most people in moderation, but may be unsafe for those with compromised immune systems, children or pregnant females, so it's very important to include your disclaimer if you do have an online store or attempting to sell through any/all media sources or local venues.

Word of Advise:

If you have a website, I have one word of advice, avoid pop up advertising, and keep any advertising to the sidebar of the page.  It is annoying to me and many others when trying to read a post and an advertisement divides the text or pops up in the middle of what you're reading.  Any advertising should not bog down the page when it's loading.  So if there is any really sound advice I can give about creating a website this would be it.   Many people will avoid any website that has click for pay advertising within the body of the text and you could lose potential clients because of that.  I know you will lose my interest and I'm far from the exception.  I also object to being redirected when I go to a website for the recipe or project, I expect that to be on the page I accessed, not a few words, then redirected elsewhere to view.  It's okay to direct to related topics, but it's not okay to re-direct for the project that you are leading people to view. It's a quick way to lose potential clients when click baiting is used.  Outside advertising helps cover time and expenses and that's an acceptable addition when it is tastefully done, but keep it minimal, and keep it in the side bar so it is not interfering with the subject matter that led others to your website in the first place.


Additional related topics:

Refer to the link for recycling and  upcycling objects for containers:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/7-upcycle-reuse-gardenplanter-ideas

​Refer to the link to make your own Hypertufa containers:  justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/hypertufa-containers

Refer to the link to make your own potting soil:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/diy-organic-potting-soil

Refer to the link to propagate herbs:  justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/propagating-herbs

Refer to the link for making your own rooting hormone:  justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/willownatural-propagating-hormone

​Refer to the link for Natural Garden Pest Control:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/natural-garden-pest-control

Refer to the link to make your own Green Manure fertilizer:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/easy-green-manure-tea


Chicken Coop Chatter© All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

CREDENTIALS:  Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1998.  Horticulture degree 2001.   Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and continued study of all plants and herbs.   Gardening a lifetime.

​

0 Comments

Easy Green Manure Tea

9/4/2017

0 Comments

 
You can make your own Green Manure Tea easily and it will benefit your garden as well as your houseplants.  It's as easy as tossing your fruit, herb and vegetables scraps into a bucket.  You may already do this for composting, or to give to the chickens, but reserve some to make your own green manure.  

​You can use virtually any fruit or vegetable scraps.  There's a lot of nutritional value in those scraps that you can capitalize on to feed your plants.  Plants need basically the same things humans need.  They need vitamins, minerals, water and sun-shine to thrive.  And best of all making your own Green Manure tea keeps those scraps out of the landfills and is environmentally friendly to the soil.   

What you need:

A bucket (any size with a handle or watering can)
Water (preferably de-chlorinated)
Vegetable, herb and Fruit Scraps, coffee grounds and tea bags (NO MEAT)

​Directions:

​Place the bucket near the kitchen door or under the kitchen sink, toss the scraps in while you're canning, cooking or preparing vegetable and fruit trays for special gatherings.  Remind the kidlets to put their banana peels in the bucket as well.  Fill the bucket with water and allow to stand a few days to leach out the nutrients.  Water your garden, container plants or indoor plants with the green manure tea. 

​How to use:  Use the  *tea* to water your plants as needed.  You can pour the *tea* into a water can to make it easier to water container plants if you prefer.

Tip:  Don't forget to toss used coffee grounds and tea bags into your bucket as well.  Acid loving plants will thrive on the extra acid from those spend grounds and tea leaves.  When you're deadheading flowers or vegetables, toss those into the bucket as well.  When you're cleaning up the garden at the end of harvest add some of the spent produce and foliage to your manure tea, to use on house plants through the colder months.

Tip:  I keep a bucket handy and just keep adding to the bucket.  You can compost peels that don't break down easily in the tea, such as pumpkin, squash or watermelon rinds, after the nutrients have been leached out.  The object is to leach out as much as possible to benefit the plants.  Just refill with water as needed or leave outside to catch rain or irrigation water.

​How to de-chlorinate water:  Allow the faucet or tap to run a few minutes.  Fill a container with the water and allow to stand overnight or 24 hours.  The water is ready to use.  If you are de-chlorinating water for uses other than the manure tea, make sure you use a clean, sterilized container.

Benefits:

Banana Peels are high in Potassium, Sweet Potato peels are high in Vitamin A,   Fruit peels are high in vitamin C, E and the B vitamins.   Pea shells are high in Nitrogen.  The list goes on, but this short list will help you understand the value of the peels and the blemished produce that you might otherwise toss away.  At the very least compost them or feed to the chickens, but there's so much more you can do with them as well to aid in the health of your plants to help them thrive without the need for commercial fertilizers.  

​Refer to the link to make Manure tea, Compost Tea and Worm Casting fertilizers:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/manure-tea-compost-tea-worm-castings


Chicken Coop Chatter©​  All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

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How to grow Citrus Indoors

9/4/2017

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Did you know you can grow your own citrus indoors?  Yes, you can and with enough proper light exposure and ventilation, they will produce a crop, so you can have your own supply of citrus on hand.  So the next time you're preparing lemonade, or hosting a cocktail party, be sure to reserve the seeds to grow, and reserve the rinds for another project. (see link below) 

​I have grown lemon trees in the past even in my Northwestern Climate.  Of course citrus is not grown in a northern climate, they are grown in a drier, warm climate.  We can grow them outdoors during our warm months, but they need to be sheltered in the cold months or grown in a green house.  

​I was preparing some citrus for a variety of projects about a month ago and decided to do a tutorial for growing the citrus from seed.  Minimal time or supplies are needed.  Citrus requires the same environmental needs and fertilizing needs of any plant, so if you can grow a zucchini, you can grow citrus, taking into account of course that neither will survive in cold weather.  This is a great project to do with the kidlets and takes only a few minutes, but provides a learning moment that lasts a life-time.

What you Need:

Container (with drainage)  4-6" high, 4-6" wide
​Potting Soil (a good brand that contains vermiculite, pumas,  peat moss etc.)
​Citrus (Tangerines, limes, lemons, grapefruit  Preferably Organic so the seeds will germinate)
Spray bottle

Directions:

​Fill the container with good potting soil, well dampened through.  Cut the citrus in half.  Remove the whole, undamaged seeds.  With the end of a pencil, poke a hole into the soil about 1/2" deep.  Place a seed into each hole.  You want to plant all the seeds, to assure germination of at least one or two.  Cover each seed with the damp soil.  Set a saucer or something beneath the container to catch any water from the drainage holes.  Set aside in a warm window.  Check the soil every few days by poking a finger an inch or so into the soil.  If the soil is still damp, there is no need to water, but you can fill the spray bottle with water if the top soil is dry..  If the soil is dry within a 1/2 inch of the top of the soil, soak the soil, either by placing the container into a pan of water or from the top of the potting soil gently to prevent dislodging the seeds.  If your water is chlorinated you will need to de-chlorinate or use filtered or bottled water, or de-chlorinate the tap water (see instructions below).  

Germination:

​In a week to 10 days you should see the seeds sprouting.  You'll see little green, grass-like shoots emerge from the soil.  In the above slide show, I sowed 4 seeds, all four germinated, sprouted and produced their beginning leaves and secondary leaves, within a month time.  

Growing Environment: 

There is nothing to do except keep the plant out of cold drafts, keep it watered and provide as much light as possible.  You can pinch back the beginning leaves to encourage a stronger stem and a bushier plant if desired.  
 
Transplant as needed:


​Though you won't need to transplant for many weeks, note that you will need to provide a larger container as the plants outgrow their smaller container. 

You will need to transplant to a larger container when your citrus plant reaches 6-8 inches tall and has a well developed root system.   When transplanting, use good potting soil and transplant to a container that is a few inches larger than the previous container.   

Feed the Plants:

​The plants will benefit from a periodic feeding of a q2uality fertilizer or an organic home-made green tea, or manure tea.  This only needs to be done every few months, to assure a healthy root system and thriving plants.  As the plants grow they will deplete the nutrients in the soil, so you will need to have a regular routine for fertilizing.  You can use a slow-release type fertilizer, that releases nutrients with each watering or a liquid such as the manure tea when watering the plant.  

Provide Support:

​You may need to stake your plants to keep the stems straight and upright.  As fruit develops you definitely want to stake the plants because the fruit will get heavier as it develops and may break or damage  the stems if there is not enough support.  

Warm Weather:

​You can place the plants outdoors in warm weather, but protect from winds and scorching sun and bring in if the nights are still chilly and be prepared to bring them in during the cold weather months to a well lit area away from cold drafts.   

Provide sufficient Light:

​You can use grow lamps if you do not have sufficient light from a south or west facing window.  Run the lights at least 8 hours each day for optimum lighting. 

Replenish Nutrients:

​Top dress the soil with some fresh soil periodically, for added nutrients and to help freshen the soil the plant is growing in.  

Humidity:

​If the environment is very dry in winter from indoor heat or a wood stove, the plants will benefit from a light spray of water from the spray bottle or pebbles in the water tray to provide a little humidity.  

​How to De-Chlorinate Water:  Run the tap water a few minutes, then fill a clean, sterilized container with water.  Allow to sit 24 hours before using.  The water is ready to use after 24 hours for watering house plants and for making your own health and beauty products, vinegar and other projects calling for filtered or bottled water.   Even if you do not have chlorinated water, you can allow your well water to sit overnight so any sediment will settle on the bottom of the water container.  Or you can continue to use bottled or filtered water.   

​Tip:  I  do nothing special to grow the citrus from seed.  Some may suggest peeling the citrus seed, or soaking the seeds or not allowing the seeds to dry out before sowing, but my way is easy and successful without the need for a lot of fuss.  Plant more than you expect to grow, that way you can assure that at least some will sprout.  This is true of any seeds; not all will germinate, however if they do, you can always give any extras away as special gifts to the plant lovers in your life.

​How to use:  Citrus is valuable for use in the kitchen and for do it yourself projects.  You can use the citrus peel for making seasonings, for homemade cold and flu remedies, herbal tea, for skin products,  for preserving and for a coop to kitchen environmentally friendly cleaner.  Never throw away your citrus peels.  You can also freeze the peels and the fruit to use at a later date.  Citrus juice can be frozen in ice cube trays and added to cocktails or lemon and limeade.  Use the squeezed Citrus with a little salt to clean your cutting board. 

​Note:  You may not know, that Citrus is at it's peak in the winter months.  We can purchase most citrus year round, that are imported or perhaps some may be from citrus warehouses, however for our own fresh citrus they are available in late fall to late winter, with January being the largest production month.  Just try buying a blood orange or Meyer Lemons in the middle of summer, they simply are not available.  Another thing you may not know is that California citrus supplies the East Coast, while Florida supplies the West Coast, apparently so neither state dominates the marketplace.  

Refer to the link to make your own  Manure Tea:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/manure-tea-compost-tea-worm-castings

​Refer to the link to make your own Green Manure Tea:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/easy-green-manure-tea

Refer to the link to make your own Preserved Citrus:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/recipes-for-self-reliance/salt-preserved-citrus

​Refer to the link to make your own Coop to Kitchen Cleaner:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/concentrated-citrus-household-cleaner


​Chicken Coop Chatter© All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

CREDENTIALS:  Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1999.  Horticulture degree 2001.   Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and study of all plants and herbs.   Gardening a lifetime

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Preserving Herbs and their Uses

10/6/2016

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There are a variety of ways to preserve herbs that are beneficial to health and to flavor foods.  When preserving, always thoroughly wash the herbs, and allow to air dry or pat dry with towels before using.  The preparations below can be stored for months without loss of flavor or nutritional benefits.

Herbs can be beneficial as health aids used internally or topically to aid in bug bites, stings, cuts and abrasions.  Always research the herbs you intend to use, so that you know how they can be of benefit to you and your family and always use caution when using herbs that may cause an allergic reaction in some individuals.  It is never recommended that herbal concoctions be used by pregnant or lactating females or young children.  Consult your health provider before starting any herbal regimen for your safety and the safety of family members. Over-use of any herbs is not recommended.


Freezing:

Herbs can be frozen in oil, or water.  Just place the clean chopped herbs in an ice tray and cover with your favorite cooking oil or water.  The herbs can also be frozen by placing just the clean herbs in freezer containers or sealable bags to use in soups and stews or casseroles. 

Herb Vinegar.  Use plastic wrap between metal lid and bottle when capping or use plastic lids or bale type lids, to prevent any corrosion from contact with the vinegar.

Uses:  Salad dressing and marinades Herbal vinegar can be made with apple cider vinegar, or  wine vinegar infused with any culinary herbs, such as basil, rosemary, dill, thyme, tarragon, nasturtium, chives, sage, lemon balm, Oregano or mint.  Mix and match herbs with other culinary additions, such as citrus peels, zest, peppercorns or berries to create unique flavors.

All Purpose House or Coop Cleaner:  Use regular, inexpensive white vinegar.  Use lavender-infused vinegar in your laundry as a fabric softener.  Lemon balm or Lemon verbena infused vinegar can be used as an inexpensive floor cleaner, or infused rosemary and thyme vinegar can be used to disinfect in the kitchen and bath, leaving behind a fresh herbal fragrance.

4 Thieves Vinegar:  A combination of Rosemary, Sage, Thyme and Oregano is the basic formula for 4 thieves vinegar.  You can add other herbs and spices to this basic mix to create your own special flavored vinegar.  This can be used as a disinfectant around the house or used in culinary preparations. 

Hair Rinse A mixture of  half water and half herb vinegar can be used as hair rinse after shampooing, to help remove any shampoo residue.

Bathing.  Herbal vinegar in bath water, along with Epsom Salts will help with relaxation and relief from sore muscles after a work out or day of gardening.

Beverages A small amount added to hot or cold  tea, water or lemonade adds flavor along with the  added nutritional benefits.

Facial Exfoliator:  Herbs combined with other common ingredients are healthy and soothing for the skin.

​Refer to the link to make a beneficial Exfoliator:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/health-and-beauty/lavender-and-oatmeal-exfoliator

Tisane/Herbal Tea:  Tisane's go back to ancient times, when the herbs were blended for medicinal purposes.  You can enjoy a tisane to  de-stress, ward off cold and flu symptoms, treat digestive issues or as a sleep aid or simply enjoy your favorite blend of herbal flavors.  Tisane's are called tea, however they are made with herbs, citrus, and edible flowers, rather than common tea leaves.

​Refer to the link for a soothing cold or flu tisane:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/health-and-beauty/cold-and-flu-tisane


Herbal Syrup:

Raw Honey, or simple syrup can be combined with  herbs in a mason jar.  The syrup can be used in your favorite recipes calling for a sweetener, such as lemonade, tea or soda, or make an herbal tea by pouring a teaspoon or so into a cup, then topping with hot water for a soothing tea. 

Herbal syrup can be used to treat flu or cold symptoms or used along with brandy or vodka as medicinal syrup that can be taken 1 T. at a time up to 4 or 5 times a day to help relieve flu or cold symptoms.  Garlic, Rosemary and Sage are all know to be beneficial as antibacterial and anti-viral herbs that help build immunity.

​Refer to the link for making Simple Syrups:
 
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/sweets-treats-and-drinks/simple-syrup-and-variations

​Refer to the link for making herbal infused honey:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/recipes-for-self-reliance/herbal-infused-honey


Infused Oil:

See my link to making Herb infused oils. 
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/infused-basil-oil

justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/infused-herbal-oils-for-cooking

Uses:  As salad dressing and marinades and in place of other oils in cooking.
In addition, you can use the infused oil for salves, lotions, soaps and lip balm instead of other carrier oils.


Herbal Salts:

Herbal salts are easy to make and make great gifts.  Just mix a 1-3 ratio of herbs to sea salt, and allow to sit in a pantry a couple of weeks until the herbal flavor has permeated the salt.  Either fresh or dry herbs can be used. 

Uses:  For cooking, use your favorite herbs or combinations of herbs, such as rosemary, thyme, sage and Oregano or use Lemon Balm, Basil or garlic cloves.  Add colored peppercorns if desired.   It's easy to experiment with flavors and to adjust to personal taste.

These can be used in any of your favorite recipes in place of plain salt to add a burst of herb flavor.


Note:  If using fresh herbs, loosely chop, add to the salts, then spread out on a cooking sheet to dry over night or place in the oven or dehydrator on low heat until thoroughly dry.  You may need to break up the salt with a mortal and pestle or run through your mini processor until any clumps are removed.
Pour into air tight mason jars or spice jars and use in place of plain salt.

​Refer to the links to make your own Herbal Salts:  


Lavender Salt
 justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/lavender-salt

Rosemary Salt
http://justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/rosemary-salt

Vanilla Salt-Fleur de Sel
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/fleur-de-sel

​Smoked Hickory Salt:  justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/diy-smoked-hickory-salt

​Bacon Salt:  justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/diy-bacon-salt

​Sage Salt

justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/sage-salt

Lemon Seasoning Salt
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/lemon-seasoning-sea-salt

Herbal Extracts:

Herbal extracts can be used in the same ways you use commercial extracts, to flavor baked goods.   Fill a jar with prepared herbs, then pour Everclear, Vodka, Brandy, or Bourbon over the herbs and cap.  Allow the flavors to blend for up to 6 weeks.  Strain through cheesecloth and pour into bottles or jars with tight fitting lids. 

Uses:   Replace the extract called for in the recipe using the same amount.  Lavender extract can be used in Lavender and Lemon Bars or used in soap making, for lotions and salves and astringents.  Or used like essential oils in bath water and hair rinses.  Experiment with a variety of herbs or combinations of herbs.

​See the link for making your own
Rosemary-Vanilla Extract:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/rosemaryvanilla-extract

Herbal Tinctures
​

Tinctures have medicinal benefits and can be used internally to treat minor illnesses, or used topically to treat cuts and scrapes.

Just mix your favorite herbs in full strength Everclear, Vodka, Bourbon or Brandy.  Allow the mixture to infuse for 4-6 weeks, strain and pour into clean, sterilized mason jars.  There is no need to use an expensive brand of alcohol to make the infusions, but you do want at least 40 proof for the most benefit.


Uses:  Depending on the herbs used, they can be used as antiviral, sleep aids, or used for pain.  Lemon Balm and Rosemary are known for effective calming, relaxation and sleep aids.  Lemon Balm is also know as an ant-viral aid.  Mint is known as a pain reliever for soar throat or tooth ache and the tincture can be used as a mouth wash.  Mint varieties are also beneficial for stomach issues and to aid in digestion.

Note:  Glycerine can be used in place of Alcohol for those preferring non-alcohol tinctures.  These are called Glycerites.  Glycerine is available in pharmacies and Health Food stores.

Place the herbs in the glycerine up to 4-6 weeks then strain through cheesecloth or plain muslin, squeezing the cloth to extract as much of the glycerine as possible.


Use: Add to tea or other beverages as a natural sweetener with herbal benefits.

​Caution:
  Always use common sense when using herbs.  Most culinary herbs are safe to use, in normal consumption, however some can interact with supplements or medications that you may currently be taking.  If you are on blood thinners avoid all members of the extensive mint family (Oregano, Basil etc.), they can cause an interaction with that type of medication.  Always consult your primary medical care provider before using any herbs and before giving to children or those with compromised immune systems or allergies.  Pregnant and lactating females should always use caution and consult their maternity professional.  No medical advice is given or implied in this article.  You are solely responsible for doing your research through professional sources and responsible for your own health care.  

​Chicken Coop Chatter©  All Rights Reserved 2011-2017


CREDENTIALS:  Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1999.  Horticulture degree 2001.   Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and study of all plants and herbs.   Gardening a lifetime​

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Dried Herbs

8/31/2016

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The following information is about common culinary herbs that are generally safe to use in normal consumption and for the uses as intended.  

Some are easier to grow than others, but the basic culinary herbs are all easy to grow, dehydrate and use, whether fresh or dried.  Herbs need very little attention, except regular watering and trimming as they grow.  Most prefer a fairly dry soil, sunlight or part shade, and shelter from severe weather.  Many herbs are from the Mediterranean region, so they do not thrive in bitter cold winters without some kind of protection.  And, they do not like soggy soil, so watering should be regular, but not excessive.  They will enjoy a bit drier, looser soil,  than many garden plants.


What you need to know

Whether you purchase fresh herbs from a farmer's market or grow your own, there are very few things to know about drying herbs.  They should be cut early in the morning when the volatile oils are at their peak. Herbs should be washed, shake off the excess water or use a salad spinner.  They air dry easily.  Just allow air circulation around them, so they all dry evenly.  They can be hung to dry or laid out on screens to dry. 

​Small bundles work best, so that the air can circulate around the herbs more evenly.  I use an old fashioned clothes drying rack to hang the bundles, which works very well for my needs; will hold a lot of herbs, and it can be moved around where I need it and stores flat when not in use, so it can be stored in a closet, or tucked away.  


How long do Herbs take to dry

Typically the herbs will dry within a day or two during warm, dry weather.  It will take longer in cool, wet or humid weather.  If weather is humid or wet, it may be best to use a dehydrator to dry them more quickly, then package before any moisture can set in.  Moisture leads to molding and bacteria.

How to Prepare the Dried Herbs

Once your herbs are dried, remove the leaves from the stems.  You can remove the leaves from the stems before drying and honestly as many years as I've grown and processed herbs, I do not find one method better or easier than the other.

If you are not able to remove all the fine stems, no worries, they are completely edible, and will usually grind up in the food chopper, Mortar and Pestle or in the herb grinder without a problem.  I try to remove the woody stems such as those for Sage, Rosemary, Oregano and Thyme, but the softer stems of Parsley and Basil are not as big an issue.


Some *Sage* advice 

If you're handling several different herbs at the same time, it's wise to wash your hands between working with each herb.  When the herbs are cut fresh, the volatile oils remain on those herbs and ultimately on your hands, which can transfer to another herb as you are removing the leaves.  It may be miniscule, but it's  something I would recommend.  If you're making herbal blends with a variety of herbs at the same time, then it may not be an issue at all, but it can be if you are wanting to keep the herbs and flavors separate. 


How to Package for storage

When I'm processing my dried herbs, I place each herb in a separate container, or separate sealable plastic bag.  I label those and later I can combine herbs I want into special blends.

Do you Need Special Supplies

You do not need anything special for drying herbs, but the following list are things I find useful to have.  Many of these things listed,  you likely already have and are using  for a variety of purposes.  
  • ​Screened drying rack (Easy to make with a window frame or photo frame and mesh screen)
  • Wooden Clothes Rack
  • Twist ties, kitchen twine or Rubber Bands
  • Sturdy Metal Paper Clips (Bent to use for hanging herbs)
  • Dehydrator
  • Funnel (bottle and jar funnels)
  • Spice jars (varied sizes)
  • Mason jars with lids (varied sizes)
  • Sealable Plastic bags.  (freezer type are stronger/thicker--varied sizes)
  • Thick Paper Towels
  • Plastic Wrap or Parchment Paper
  • Herb Grinder or Coffee Grinder
  • Mortar and Pestle
  • Mini Food Chopper
  • Colander
  • Fine mesh Sieve
  • Cheese Cloth, Coffee Filter or Cheese Muslin
  • Salad Spinner
  • Small Slow Cooker (with dial setting--highly recommended)
  • Cutting board
  • Sharp Knives
  • Herb Scissors/sheers (designated for use with your herbs)
  • Surgical gloves (if you are sensitive to the volatile oils in any of  the herbs)
  • Labels (Blue painters tape works great for temporary labeling)
  • ​Decorative labels, ribbon, burlap, jute etc. if gifting
  • ​Decorative containers, if gifting

​Note:  You can use an oven on the lowest setting to dry the herbs.  It's not as cost efficient as a dehydrator, but it will work.  It's beneficial if the oven has a fan  that helps the air circulate, but it isn't essential.  Metal cooling racks, or metal window screen that can be laid on the oven racks will allow for air circulation and prevent the herbs from falling on the oven heat element.  If possible the oven should have a setting that will go as low as 125 or 145, or a dial that keeps the oven warm, but not baking.  If the oven temperature cannot be set below 175, you can leave the door ajar slightly to release some of the heat and for air circulation.  

​Tip:  Set the cooling racks on a cooking sheet. then lay out the herbs.  It will be easiest if you do not strip the leaves before drying, just lay out the herb stems with leaves in tact, then strip the leaves after the herbs have dried thoroughly.  

​Tip:  You can store the dried herbs without stripping the leaves if desired, then strip them as needed.  

​Special Note:  No matter what, label your herbs.  Some herbs can look very similar to another and you can't always tell by the fragrance, so plan on labeling;  I assure you will not remember which is which at a later date without the labels.  If you do miss a label, those herbs can be used in a mixed herb blend or infusion, so they are not wasted, but if you want to know what's in that blend, labeling is essential. 


​For further information, you can follow any of the links below.  From propagating and growing herbs to using them to make infusions, tisanes, salves and in cooking. 

​Growing and Propagating herbs:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/propagating-herbs

Growing and Drying Herbs:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/growing-and-drying-herbs

Preserving Herbs:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/pioneer-gardens/preserving-herbs-and-their-uses

​Oil infused Herbs for cooking and skin care:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/infused-herbal-oils-for-cooking

Honey Infused Herbs:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/recipes-for-self-reliance/herbal-infused-honey

Herbal Salt:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/scarborough-faire-herb-salt

Herbal Sugar:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/sweets-treats-and-drinks/vanillalavender-sugar

Skin Care:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/health-and-beauty/lavender-and-oatmeal-exfoliator

​Herbal Tea/Tisanes:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/health-and-beauty/cold-and-flu-tisane

Herbal Extracts:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/rosemaryvanilla-extract

​Herb seasoning blends:

justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/poultry-seasoning

justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/bulk-italian-seasoning

​Upcycle-Re-Use Planters:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/earth-friendly-projects/7-upcycle-reuse-gardenplanter-ideas

Chicken Coop Chatter© All Rights Reserved 2011-2017
​
CREDENTIALS: Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1999. Horticulture degree 2001. Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and study of all plants and herbs. Gardening a lifetime

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Growing Garlic in Containers

8/28/2016

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There are hardneck and softneck Garlic bulbs available.  The hardneck garlic is the type used for Garlic Scapes.  The hardneck varieties do not store as long as the softneck varieties, and the softneck does not produce the scapes. 

If you enjoy pickling or preserving the scapes then choose a hardneck variety that has the bonus of also producing the garlic bulb for use in cooking.  The mild flavored Elephant Garlic is considered a hardneck variety.


Growing Requirements

Garlic is easy to grow, and can be grown in containers.  Make sure the containers are 8-10 inches deep and at least as wide.   This allows for growth of the bulbs  The garlic bulb requires very little attention.  Just plant each bulb section about 1 inch deep (the pointed end up, rounded end down).  Each bulb should planted be about 4 inches apart and far enough from the edges of the container so the bulbs have space to grow.

A good potting soil mixed with rotted compost and some well composted chicken fertilizer at planting time is all that is needed and watering only when dry.  You can test dryness by poking a finger into the soil at least 2 inches to check for moisture.  Garlic may rot if kept too wet.  In the rainy season it may be wise to move the container where it is not receiving a lot of rain water, yet still receives plenty of sun, but keep an eye on it so it is not completely drying out.  The container should receive at least 6 hours of sunlight per day.

Since you will have space in the container, you can interplant with carrots, and lettuce that will not compete with the garlic if kept within 2 inches of the garlic bulb location. 


When to plant

Autumn and spring is the best time to plant garlic, to allow it a long growing season.  If Planted in Autumn, garlic can be harvested the following June or July.  If Planted in spring, it can be harvested at about the same time, anytime through June to August usually. 

​Note:  Garlic should not be planted in the same location the following season. 


Harvesting Scapes

Scapes can be harvested at any time, but do not harvest all, which can inhibit bulb growth, causing smaller bulbs.   If the garlic starts to flower, remove the flowers to allow larger bulbs to develop.   Harvest the bulbs when the green leaves begin to wither and yellow or turn brown.  If you wait too long, the garlic may lose some flavor and not store as well. 

Harvesting Garlic Bulbs:

Loosen the soil around each garlic bulb with a trowel, carefully so as not to bruise or cut into the bulb.  Lift the bulb from the soil and gently brush off.  Lay the garlic out on a screen or mesh wire where air can circulate around it.  Allow to air dry, then brush any remaining dry soil from the bulb.  Store in a dry, cool environment.  The garlic bulbs should store for at least 3 months and up to 6 months.  If you want, once the garlic is dry, you can braid the garlic leaves and hang in a cool, dry location with good air circulation.  Note:  In good weather, I just hang mine on the fence out of direct sunlight.  I've seen others hang from barn rafters, and covered porches until dry.   Remember to reserve some of the cloves for replanting in autumn.

​Storing:  Trim the stalks and the roots, store in a cool, dry environment.  You can store in mesh bags and hang a few in the kitchen to use in your daily cooking, or store a few in your garlic keeper in the kitchen.  


Dehydrating

If the bulbs dry out completely, remove the papery peels and process in a blender or food processor to make your own garlic powder or minced garlic.  You can dehydrate garlic in a dehydrator then process for garlic powder.  You may want to move your dehydrator to an outdoor shelter when drying garlic or any of the allium family, it can be very strong while drying indoors. 

Suggested Uses:  Of course garlic can be used fresh or dry in many recipes.  You can mince, slice or use whole cloves of garlic, depending on the amount of flavor you may want in the dish your are preparing.  Minced and chopped releases more of the garlic oils and will be stronger flavored than if sliced or used whole. 

You can make infused Garlic oil to use with vinegar and oil dressing.  Keep refrigerated.  Garlic cloves and scapes can be added when pickling cucumbers, zucchini or other vegetables. 

When dehydrated, the garlic powder or minced garlic can be used in DIY herb and spice blends. Or used to make garlic butter and used alone as seasoning in any dish garlic powder is called for.  

Refer to my Garlic and Parmesan Herb blend at the following link:
​ justfowlingaround.weebly.com/from-the-pantry/garlic-parmesan-seasoning

​Refer to my instructions for making herbal oils at the following link:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/infused-herbal-oils-for-cooking

​Refer to my instructions for pickling garlic:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/pickled-garlic

Chicken Coop Chatter©  All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

​
CREDENTIALS:  Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1999.  Horticulture degree 2001.   Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and study of all plants and herbs.   Gardening a lifetime

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Sage~~Salvia Officinalis

8/25/2016

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Sage or Culinary sage has a place in everyone's garden.  It's the herb that implies wisdom in old English text.  It is also said to improve memory.  Sage can be a bit temperamental to grow, but the beauty is that it needs little care and it thrives on heat and drought.  The failure comes from watering too much and sage resists a regular watering. 

How to grow

If growing sage, plant on the outskirts of the herb garden so you can more easily resist that need to give it as much attention as you do your other herbs.  Most herbs require little water to do well, but they do need shelter from cold and bitter winters or rainy seasons.  For some herbs I find it best to grow them in containers that I can move around as the need arises.  Out of the rain, out of the cold and out of the deep freezes that can occur.  It is best to cut sage back periodically, to about 6 inches from the ground to prevent the plant from going woody.  It bounces back with fresh growth for culinary use.

Sage is a strong herb that is familiar to anyone that has eaten that Thanksgiving turkey and stuffing, since it is the primary herb used for stuffing.  Many people do not like stuffing because of the abundance of sage used in preparation of stuffing. 

For those of you that do not favor Sage, substitute with Savory, or cut back on the sage when preparing seasoning mixes or using those seasonings.  When I make my seasoning mixes I prefer to achieve a balance in flavors rather than one dominant herb. 


Harvesting

When Sage is harvested, it can be used fresh or dried and it can be frozen either plain, or in a cooking oil to preserve it.  Sage is a great herb for making infused herbal oils for cooking or in masculine salves and lotions.   It can be used in making herbal butter spreads and in seasoning mixes.  You can freeze the sage in your cooking oil to toss into a skillet when cooking meat or potatoes or use in making soup.

Sage and Chive Butter

1/2 C. unsalted butter (softened)
1/2 cup Chives (fresh finely chopped)
2 tsp. Rosemary (fresh finely chopped)
1 tsp. Sage (fresh finely chopped)

Wash and Chop the fresh herbs and combine thoroughly.  Keep in the refrigerator for up to one week. 

To Use:  Spread on your favorite bread, use in savory dishes calling for butter.  Melt and drizzle over vegetables. Use in place of oil when cooking potatoes or add to noodles or other pasta dishes.


OR
Dry the herbs to use in making your own seasoning blend.  Combine and store in sealable containers.

Fresh Herb Seasoning Blend

3 T. Sage (fresh finely chopped)
1 T. Thyme  (fresh finely chopped)
2 T. Sweet Marjoram  (fresh finely chopped)
2 T. Parsley  (fresh finely chopped)

Wash and Chop the fresh herbs and combine thoroughly.  Keep in the refrigerator for up to one week.


To Use:  This fresh blend can be used to make herbal butter to drizzle on vegetables or as a spread for your favorite bread, tossed in a garden fresh salad or mixed with your cooking oil to drizzle over vegetables or to make your favorite salad dressing.  The blend also works well in casseroles and soup.  The fresh or dehydrated herb blends can be used in cheese cloth bundles to flavor soup or used for herbal tea.   Adjust to your own taste.

OR
Dry the herbs, combine and store in sealable jars, using the same measurements above.  Adjust to your own taste.

Follow the link for infusing your own herbs:
justfowlingaround.weebly.com/seasoning-and-sauces/infused-herbal-oils-for-cooking

Chicken Coop Chatter©  All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

​CREDENTIALS:  Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1999.  Horticulture degree 2001.   Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and study of all plants and herbs.   Gardening a lifetime 

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Growing Blueberries~~A Healthy Sustainable Crop

7/9/2016

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Native Americans harvested blueberries as powerful medicine for coughs and congestion, and North America is still the highest producing country in the world, with as much as 90% of the world's crop grown right here.  It's no wonder the indigenous people used the wild blueberries for medicine, they are loaded with as much as one quarter of our daily Vitamin C requirements and a powerful antioxidant, compared to all other fruit, as well as providing as much as 14% in fiber needed for healthy digestion.  Whether you choose to eat them fresh, dehydrated or canned, or make medicinal cough suppressant, blueberries are a sustainable crop and deserve a place on the homestead, whether that is Urban or Rural  homesteading or a cabin deep in the forest. 

Here in the Pacific Northwest the berries grow wild in our alpine regions, here we refer to those as Huckleberries.  The wild berries do not typically get as large as cultured berries, and the leaves of the plants are smaller than the domestic plants.  For many years we took a day trip to the mountain, brought along a picnic lunch and harvested the wild berries.  And if we were lucky we got to them before the bear and other wild animals that enjoy those berries as much as we do.  Of course we never picked more than our share and left plenty for the animals and others to enjoy.  Rarely was there more than just enough for a small pie.   The experience of wild foraging remains with our children and teaches responsibility as well as what to look for in the wild.  It offers a learning experience in self-reliance and wilderness survival.

​Blueberries are so important that the entire month of July is designated National Blueberry month and July 10 is set aside as Blueberry picking day.  President Ronald Reagan was known for his love of Jelly Beans and requested blue Jelly Beans for his inauguration ceremony.  Jelly Belly company came up with blueberry jelly beans in honor of his request.

Blueberries are easy to grow and can be grown in containers on a patio or balcony because they have a shallow root system.  If planting in containers make sure the containers can be placed where there is ample sun and far enough apart so the branches can spread; an area of 4 feet should be ample.  A container that is at least 12-14 inches deep and 14" in diameter or larger works well.  They can be planted in 5 gallon buckets or containers.  It is my understanding that if you live in a Home Owners Association neighborhood that 5 gallon buckets are not usually allowed, however that gives you a size reference for what you need in the way of a container. 

Use good potting soil with plenty of organic material or add well aged organic material to the potting soil.  It's best to purchase 2 year old plants, and there does need to be at least two plants for proper pollination. 

Prepare the planting hole and add plenty of organic matter, then water the hole well before placing the blueberry plant in the hole.  You can plant them about 1/4 deeper than the top of the soil in the container they were in.  If the plants are root bound, gently massage the soil around those roots to loosen the soil and allow the roots to spread once they are in the ground.  Tamp the ground firmly around the plant, then water well.  Add about a 2 inch layer of compost or organic material around the plants. 

Blueberries do like regular water, especially if they are in containers.  Adding organic matter around the plants will help conserve moisture so it is readily available to the plants.  The organic matter will also provide the nutrients for these acid loving plants.

The plants should have plenty of room to spread the branches and to allow for air circulation between plants.  They also require some sun throughout the day.
If planting in the garden, make sure they are planted where they do not have to compete with weeds, grasses or tree roots for their water supply.

There are a variety of cultivars available and your nursery will carry those that are best for your planting zone.  Here in the Pacific Northwest, Blueberries bloom in May or June and ready to harvest in July.  Your local County University Extension office will have further information on growing blueberries and other crops in your region.

Do not harvest the berries during the first year.  Remove the flower buds to allow the plant to branch and concentrate on establishing in the chosen plant site.  The next year, do not harvest all the berries.  Be conservative.  After those initial two years, the plants should be well established and will produce a fair crop.  But it may take up to 4 years for a sizeable crop per plant. 

To Prune, only prune out dead or diseased canes or canes that are not producing, as necessary during the dormant season between October and March.  The plants can be planted in the fall or the spring.  Water well the first year, after that they will only need regular, moderate watering.  A soaker system is ideal for watering the plants. If using mulch, make sure to add some nitrogen periodically, which tends to leach from the soil as the mulch is breaking down.  

Blueberries are a sustainable crop when well established, and it is possible to plant different varieties that will produce from July through the Autumn months for successive harvesting.  The benefits are numerous from a health aspect and purchase of the berries is quite expensive, so growing your own provides the added benefit of cost savings.  The berries can be frozen, dehydrated or canned and of course eaten fresh or added to your favorite baked goods, pancakes or waffles. 

Blueberries are generally pest and disease free as long as they receive ample water supply and air circulation along with some pruning as needed, however birds do love them, so a netting around the plants prior to fruiting will help protect the berries until they are ready to harvest. 

Chickens love blueberries and  are good for them; they will enjoy them fresh, frozen or dehydrated. however it makes sense to grow your own since Blueberries in our area range in price from $3.00  per pint container and up, which isn't very cost effective to treat the chickens, when there is cheaper fruit on the market. 


Chicken Coop Chatter©  All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

​Follow the link for my recipe to make Blueberry Applesauce justfowlingaround.weebly.com/recipes-for-self-reliance/blueberry-applesauce

CREDENTIALS:  Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1999.  Horticulture degree 2001.   Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and study of all plants and herbs.   Gardening a lifetime.

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Natural Garden Pest Control

4/5/2016

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Crushed Garlic, a few drops of liquid Dish Soap and water mixed into a spray bottle will help to deter garden pests (and house plants pests), such as ants, aphids, beetles and caterpillars,  whitefly, spider mites and cabbage moths, or try companion planting as a natural defense against garden pests.

​Fasten a spray bottle attachment to the hose end with a little liquid dish soap, sprayed on plants affected by aphids and spider mites will discourage the infestation.  

​Use cornmeal around ant nests to discourage infestation.  If you have a large population of aphids, note that ants actually protect aphids from natural predators, because they love the nectar produced by aphids, so control your ants, and you'll control the aphids.  Which for those of you in  the south with fire ants, cornmeal works to discourage them as well.  Cornmeal won't hurt your pets, your chickens or wildlife, so it's safe to use around foundations and known ant colonies.  A bonus of cornmeal is it will help prohibit weeds, but,  do avoid using it around herbaceous and vegetable plants, especially before they emerge from the soil and until they are several inches tall and hardened off, as it can also prohibit them from emerging.  Cornmeal is safe around woody plants, ie, trees, shrubs, roses, etc.  for weed control.  A known product for weed control is the environmentally safe pre-emergent, Preen(R), it is made from corn gluten.

​Garlic planted around your roses works to detract insects that love your roses.   The insects are repulsed by the garlic smell, but garlic tends to make the roses more fragrant, so it's a win, win situation.

​Everyone knows Basil and Tomatoes make a great Caprese salad or appetizer, but they are also great companions in the garden.  Bees are attracted to the basil flowers, and discourages tomato worms that would love to get at the tomatoes.  

​These methods can work whether you have a large family garden plot or you are growing in containers on a patio or balcony.   

​Marigold is often planted around the perimeter of the garden to discourage insects from invading the garden plants, but a  container of marigold set in and amongst your other container plants can help to discourage pests as well.  Sweet Alyssum works in the same way to encourage pollinators to visit the garden plants, and attract pests that would otherwise invade the garden or container plants.

​We don't want to discourage all insects.  It's important to have flowering plants near your edibles to encourage the bees and other insects to pollinate those plants for a nice crop.  Without the pollination, many plants will not produce.  Some, like tomatoes are self pollinating, but there are few with that special built in feature. 

​Companion planting is far from a new concept, the first known companion plantings were done by the Native Americans.  The theory of the *three sisters*, Corn, Pumpkin/Squash and beans,.  The beans provided nitrogen to the soil that the corn depleted, the corn shaded the pumpkin/squash, while the beans and pumpkin vines climbed the corn stalks, providing support for  the plants for the highest yield.  In addition, the mass of vines protected the corn to keep raccoons and squirrels from devouring the crops.   The large leaves of the Squash shaded the ground to retain moisture for the plants to thrive. 

You can use the same theory to this day for your own plantings, and is used in Pioneer gardens, such as the Pioneer interpretive center at the End of the Oregon Trail and most likely used at re-enactment villages throughout the country. This method is also a space saver and on a smaller scale will even work in container plantings. The pairing of these companion plants was the perfect nutritional balance to sustain the tribe, and the squash could be kept long term in storage, while the beans and corn could be dried for a long term storage.  The squash and the corn could then be ground into flour, and all three could be cooked together to provide the proper nutritional balance to sustain life.  A brilliant concept that is as fresh today in gardening as it was when it was first theorized.   And what harvest stew is complete without the beans, corn and squash?  

​Planting your vegetables, intermingled with your landscape has it's merits, when certain flowers and vegetables are planted together.  The flowering plants provide the pollinators and beneficial insects shelter and nectar, while  herbs deter the non-beneficial pests, and they add fragrance as well as greenery to shade the plants to retain moisture and provide a living mulch, and add nutrients to the soil.    At end of harvest, those vegetable plants can be composted to provide rich soil for replanting and for mulch to keep the ground moist, with nutrients to replenish the soil, so they need less water and fertilizer to thrive.  So there is very sound reasoning in companion planting  even if you don't pair certain plants together that are recommended, or have to remember that Parsley benefits Chives or Sweet Alyssum planted with potatoes encourages pollination for the potato plants;  the plants will still offer texture, fragrance and ultimately many benefits, whether for the nutritional value, or to encourage pollination or to provide shade for the roots during droughts, with the bonus of deterring destructive pests.  

​By intermingling your vegetables with your landscape, you can likely avoid those restrictions that some home owner associations and municipalities impose;  no vegetable gardens visible from the street.  Many herb and vegetable plants have attractive foliage and flowers that blend seamlessly into the landscape and benefit you as well as your curb-side appeal without the HOA committee swooping down on you for a policy violation.  But choose your plants wisely, I don't think an 8 foot cornstalk is going to go unnoticed, while most herbs, sweet potatoes, regular potatoes and root crops, kale, garlic, onions and zucchini will blend in.
 



​Chicken Coop Chatter©​  All Rights Reserved 2011-2017

CREDENTIALS:  Certified Oregon State Master Gardener since 1999.  Horticulture degree 2001.   Study of Herbs and Horticulture Therapy, heavy research and study of all plants and herbs.   Gardening a lifetime

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    Hi I am Sis from the Just Fowling Around dynamic duo, best known as Bro and Sis.
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